Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Diskursus Teologi Islam
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has had the most significant impact on human life in this century and has become the subject of study for various disciplines. However, a discussion on the existence of the pandemic from the perspective of Islamic theology has not been adequately addressed. This article aims to discuss how Islamic theological discourse interprets the COVID-19 pandemic and the influence of theological beliefs in responding to the pandemic mitigation efforts. This study uses a descriptive analytical method to examine the phenomenon within the framework of Islamic theology. The study shows that Islam theologically views disasters from two perspectives; first, as an absolute decree of God believed to have wisdom and education for human beings, and secondly, as part of the sunnatullah that can be explored scientifically. The study also reveals that three theological patterns have emerged in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. First, the fatalistic pattern (Jabariah) that entirely surrenders to the will of Allah SWT without attempting to resist it. Second, the freewill pattern (Qadariyah) that believes that humans have the full ability to resist and eliminate COVID-19. Third, the Ahlusunah Wal Jamaah pattern that regards COVID-19 as sunnatullah; thus, in addition to accepting it as part of fate, humans need to perfect their efforts to avoid this deadly epidemic.
Abstrak: Munculnya pandemi covid-19 telah memberi dampak terdahsyat bagi kehidupan manusia di abad ini dan telah menjadi objek kajian dari berbagai disiplin keilmuan, Namun kajian dari perspektif teologi Islam terkait keberadaan pandemi belum terdiskusikan secara memadai. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana diskursus teologi Islam dalam memaknai pandemi covid-19 dan bagaimana pengaruh corak keyakinan teologis dalam merespons upaya mitigasi pandemi ini. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dalam melihat fenomena ini dalam kerangka pikir teologi Islam. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara teologis Islam memandang bencana dari dua sisi; yaitu sebagai sebuah ketetapan Tuhan yang mutlak yang diyakini memiliki hikmah dan edukasi bagi manusia, serta dipahami sebagai bagian dari sunnatullah yang dapat dieksplorasi secara saintifik. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tiga corak teologi muncul dalam konteks merespons pandemi Covid-19; Pertama, corak fatalisme (Jabariah) yang menyerahkan sepenuhnya kepada kehendak Allah SWT tanpa harus berusaha untuk melawannya. Kedua, corak freewill (Qadariyah) yang menganggap bahwa manusia memiliki kemampuan penuh untuk melakukan perlawanan dan membasmi Covid-19. Ketiga, corak Ahlusunah Wal Jamaah yang memandang bahwa Covid-19 ini adalah sunnatullah, karenanya selain manusia harus menerimanya sebagai bagian dari takdir tetapi juga manusia perlu menyempurnakan ikhtiar untuk menghindari wabah yang mematikan ini.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/substantia.v25i1.16904
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